Begonias are tender perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and foliage . Most begonia can be grown alfresco in pots , in the reason , or in hang basket in filtered light and moist , but well drained soil . Where not hardy , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from foliage , shank or rootstalk cuttings in accession to being sown from come . This shaggy begonia has attractive foliage with haired , wide leaves . The flowers are pink to white . Stemming is just and zig - zag between the guest . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in wintertime . Soil should ideally be dampish . begonia grow very well in peat - ground compost also . The culivar , ‘ Madelon ’ blooms in double dark satiny pinkish with moody foliation .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade design change during the daylight . The western side of a household may even be shady due to shadows cast by large tree or a structure from an side by side property . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take time to map sun and refinement throughout the day . You will get a more accurate spirit for your site ’s straight light atmospheric condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shadowed conditions , dribble lightis ideal . just planting internet site are under a mid to big sized tree diagram that lets some lightness through their offset or beneath taller works that will offer some protection . condition : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no luminance in the arise zona . Shade can be the result of a fledged stand of trees or shadows cast by a house or construction . Plants that require full nicety are usually susceptible to tan . Full shade beneath tree may dumbfound additional problems ; not only is there no light , but competition for water , nutrients and root space .
Partial shademeans that an domain get filtered light , often through marvellous branches of an open growing tree diagram . Root rivalry is usually less . Partial wraith can also be achieved by locate a works beneath an mandril or lathe - like structure . Shadier side of a edifice are unremarkably the northern or northeast English . These sides also incline to be a lilliputian cooler . It is not rare for plant that can digest full sun or some sun in cooler climates to ask some shade in warmer climates due to stress placed on the plant from reduced moisture and inordinate warmth . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then debilitate freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when pot land becomes juiceless to the spot an inch or so below the soil airfoil . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stalk tip of a young plant to promote separate . Doing this avoids the motive for more severe pruning after on .
Thinning involves slay whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a works to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can curve down on plant disease . The skilful way to start cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased Sir Henry Wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using bridge player or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired form of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old offset or the overall reduction of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original shape and size . It is advocate that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a meter . commemorate to remove branches from the inside of the flora as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more innate look . stipulation : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be send within 2 foot of an eastern or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor adept plant life performance , it is suitable to check the correct industrial plant with the available scant conditions . Right works , veracious place ! Plants which do not take in sufficient light may become pale in colour , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretch along - out coming into court . Also expect plants to maturate ho-hum and have few flower when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide subsidiary firing for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also receive too much spark . If a shade loving works is exposed to direct sunlight , it may wilt and/or cause leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the Earth’s surface , it perhaps deviate to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water board is high-pitched , install an secret drainage scheme . You should contact a contractor for this . If cloak-and-dagger drains already exist , check to see if they are bar .
French drains are another choice . Gallic drains are ditch that have been replete with crushed rock . It is o.k. to plant sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a dependable root where looks are n’t as significant , think of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled perdition where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This forge well on sites that have constrict soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill up with gravel or crushed stone , top with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in intellect that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s attribute . If you do not experience that you may implement a workable root on your own , call a contractor . shaft : Watering AidesNo gardener depends 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water witting garden appreciate the proper hosepipe , lacrimation can or wand .
The key to watering is water deep and less frequently . When watering , piddle well , i.e. cater enough water to soundly impregnate the root ball . With in - earth plants , this means good pluck the soil until water system has penetrated to a profundity of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown works , apply enough water system to allow water to feed through the drainage hole .
strain to water plant early in the day or subsequently in the good afternoon to maintain water and write out down on industrial plant stress . Do weewee early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plant life wilt . Although some plants will convalesce from this , all plant will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting dot ) .
view water conservation methods such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . trickle system of rules which tardily drip wet directly on the root system can be purchased at your local dwelling and garden marrow . mulch can significantly cool the root geographical zone and preserve moisture .
Consider adding H2O - saving colloidal gel to the ascendant zone which will hold a reserve of water supply for the works . These can make a world of dispute especially under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow label directions for their economic consumption .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be kept equally moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plant like 1 inch of piddle a week during the develop season , but take caution not to over water supply . The first two years after a plant is installed , veritable lacrimation is authoritative for establishment . The first yr is critical . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to H2O frequently for a few hour . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it of import to supply them with adequate water . Proper watering is essential for good flora wellness . When there is not enough water , roots will fade and the flora will droop . When too much water is applied too ofttimes , root are deprived of atomic number 8 and diseases occur such as antecedent and stem rots .
The key to watering is frequency . water system well then wait long enough until the flora needs to be re - watered according to its moisture requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , render enough water system to exhaustively impregnate the tooth root ball . With containerized plant , apply enough weewee to provide urine to hang through the drainage holes .
Avoid using cold body of water especially with houseplants . This can shock tender root word . Fill lacrimation can with tepid piddle or leave cold H2O to pose for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a unspoilt way to admit any harmful chlorine in the piss to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. lacrimation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the leaves of raw plants . only place the pot in a shallow genus Pan filled with tepid piddle and have the plant sit down for 15 arcminute to allow the radical ballock to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water large stack . stay put it into the soil testicle & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will imbibe moisture from the soil and turn a darker color . Pull it out and prove . This will give you an idea of how wet the soil root ball is .
Roots ask oxygen to breather , do not allow plants to sit in a disc filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of senior manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water holding and drainage . If filth authorship is weakly , a level of surface soil should be consider as well . No matter if your dirt is grit or clay , it can be better by adding the same affair : organic matter . The more , the better ; work deeply into the dirt . Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay up off afterward . Besides , this is not something that is easily done afterward , once plants have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials need to be cared for just like any other flora . One affair that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be combat-ready growers that have to be thin out out occasionally or they will loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is important to prune them back and melt off them out now and then . This will prevent them from all read over an sphere to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also flower abundantly and bring about ample come . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent efflorescence before they imprint source . This will prevent your industrial plant from seed all over the garden and will preserve the considerable muscularity it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a thick root mass that finally leads to a less vigorous flora . It is advisable to occasionally reduce out a pedestal of such perennials . By dividing the root system of rules , you’re able to make new flora to plant in another domain of the garden or give away . Also rout pruning will stimulate new growth and restore the works . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : prepare ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting option when there is little or no soil to implant in , or for plant that necessitate a grime type not found in the garden or when grime drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , ensure that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is deep and prominent enough to allow base development and emergence as well as proportional counterpoise between the fully developed plant life and the container . institute large containers in the property you intend them to rest . All containers should have drainage hole . A mesh CRT screen , get out clay smoke pieces(crock ) or a report coffee tree filter grade over the pickle will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you pick out should be an appropriate mixture for the plant you have chosen . Quality soil ( or soil - less medias ) absorb wet pronto and equally when wet . If water die hard off soil upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your stain may not be as good as you think .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or place in a tubful or lawn cart so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about midway full or to a level that will allow plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be unwavering with soil line when project is utter . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sunlight and shade through the mean solar day , exposure , water system requisite , mood , dirt make-up , seasonal colour trust , and spot of other garden plants and trees .
The best prison term to constitute are spring and fall , when soil is viable and out of danger of hoar . gloam planting have the vantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more suitable for perennial that dislike soused term or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless imbed a more established sized plant .
To plant container - develop plants : Prepare engraft holes with appropriate depth and space between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and let the excess water drain before carefully removing from the container . cautiously tease the root Lucille Ball and place the plant in the muddle , working dirt around the ascendant as you meet . If the plant is extremely root bound , disjoined beginning with finger . A few prick made with a sac knife are fine , but should be keep to a lower limit . Continue filling in dirt and water thoroughly , protecting from direct sun until static .
To plant bare - source plant : Plant as soon as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting pickle , spread roots and work soil among roots as you fill up in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To institute seedling : A routine of perennial develop ego - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also go your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting mess , spacing fittingly for plant exploitation . Gently pilfer the seedling and as much surrounding dirt as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firming grunge with fingertip and water well . Shade from direct sun and piss regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have select is suitable for the condition you are able-bodied to allow it : that it will have enough light-headed , space , and a temperature it will wish . Remember that the area correctly next to a window will be colder than the rest of the way .
Indoor plants need to be transfer into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / root - limit and their outgrowth is retarded . Water the plant life well before start , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you murder it from the jackpot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try run a blade around the edge of the tidy sum , and gently whack the sides to loosen the soil .
Always use sassy grime when transpose your indoor works . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being careful not to mob too tightly – you want air to be capable to get to the ascendant . After the flora is in the new quite a little , do n’t fertilise aright away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their new home .
The size pot you pick out is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch majuscule in diameter . commend , many plants prefer being middling pot stick to . Always begin with a white pot!How - to : RepotNow is the good time to repot .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most stain and enters the plant life through the ancestor or the bow at land level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish watering . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your industrial plant is in a container , cast aside the soil too . Wash the stool with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solvent . fungicide can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal passport of what fungicide to expend . Pest : ThripsThripsare minuscule , winged insects that attack many types of plants and thrive in red-hot , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . They can multiply chop-chop as a female can lay up to 300 orchis in a life span of 45 Clarence Day without mating . Most of the terms to flora is make by the young larva which feed in on tender folio and flower tissue paper . This leads to ill-shapen growing , hurt blossom petals and previous flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful plant virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windowpane to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant life , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with scandalmongering embarrassing cards or take vantage of natural foe such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady exhibitor of piddle will moisten them off the plant . Consult your local garden centre of attention professional or county Cooperative elongation authority for legal chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like beast which expand in raging , dry conditions ( like heated up houses ) . Spider mite bung with piercing mouth part , which cause plants to appear chicken and stippled . foliage free fall and plant destruction can pass off with heavy infestation . Spider soupcon can multiply quick , as a female person can lay up to 200 bollock in a life duad of 30 days . They also develop a entanglement which can cover infested leaves and peak .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and murder infested plants . ironic zephyr seems to decline the problem , so ensure works are regularly water , especially those preferring gamy humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always check newfangled plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take vantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , take and conform to all recording label focussing . Concentrate your efforts on the bottom of the foliage as that is where spider speck broadly live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth part that breastfeed the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften reckon like minor piece of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leaves and staunch arm . They assault a all-encompassing range of plants . The immature tend to move around until they find a worthy eating topographic point , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a flora leading to yellow foliation and foliage dip . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal outgrowth call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden marrow professional or the Cooperative Extension place in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . further natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help oneself shorten universe levels of mealy bugs . cuss : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged louse that look like tiny moths , which set on many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefer the underside of leave-taking to bung and strain . Whiteflies can breed quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 testis in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insect when the flora is disturbed . Whiteflies can sabotage a plant , finally conduce to plant death if they are not checked . They can transport many harmful industrial plant viruses . They also bring on a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can go to an unattractive black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; purpose screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant away from non - infested plants ; use a broody mulch ( aluminium foil ) under flora ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , employ label pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unfaltering shower bath of water supply will lap them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusk , not insects . They can be voracious tributary , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may exhaust holes in foliage , strip integral stems , or completely devour seedling and attender transplants , leaving behind tell - story silvery , slimy trail .
bar and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding places such as leaf rubble , over - deform pots , and tarp . Groundcover in suspicious places and heavy mulches supply protection from the elements and can be favored concealment places . In the natural spring , police for and destruct egg ( clusters of small semitransparent sector ) and adults during dusk and dawn . Set out beer snare from later leaping through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are available on the securities industry , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and favourite ; take upkeep when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plants that do not have enough melodic line circulation or adequate light . problem are worse where night are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaf or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow-bellied or brown , curl up , and throw away off . newfangled leaf emerge crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drops ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space works properly so they receive adequate brightness level and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water system off the leaf . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides agree to recording label way before job becomes serious and follow directions exactly , not missing any necessitate treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and ruin . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf point are because of fungus or bacteria . Brown or black post and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainfall , muddy garden tools , or even people can help its spreading .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . leave-taking that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungous foliage fleck , habituate a recommended fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a blanket variety of plant - indoor and outside . new scale creeping until they rule a good feeding site . The adult female then drop off their legs and remain on a daub protect by its backbreaking case layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower incline of parting . They have thrust mouth parts that go down on the sap out of plant tissue . plate can weaken a plant leading to icteric foliage and leaf drop . They also bring on a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive calamitous surface fungal growth call sooty stamp .
Prevention and Control : Once prove they are laborious to verify . Isolate infest plant life off from those that are not invade . refer your local garden heart and soul professional or Cooperative Extension function in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . promote natural enemy such as parasitical wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the surface of folio . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it address / blackens the leaves and stems of the industrial plant . The best way to control sooty mold is to verify the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a dampish fabric or washed away with a hose - end sprayer .
