Semi - dual ruby-red - over-embellished corolla with sepals of red and pink . efflorescence in early summer to early fall . This fuchsia has oval , dark-green parting and produces yield that is edible but not appetizing . These are very various plants , they can be trained to baskets , tree , espaliers , pillars , and trellises . Fuchsias flourish in a temperate climate with moisture or humidness . flora east or north of your construction . Some sunlight , strain or lots of Light Within . Mulch intemperately where winters are cold . Prune back bushed or broken branches in spring , especially on works that were leave behind alfresco in areas with mild wintertime . Cooler summer temperature make Fuchsias a favourite for the Pacific Northwest .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and tincture patterns change during the sidereal day . The westerly side of a theater may even be umbrageous due to shadows spew by large Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just buy a young home or just begin to garden in your older home , take time to map sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your internet site ’s true promiscuous condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plant that opt part shady conditions , filtered lightis nonsuch . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized tree that lets some light through their branches or beneath tall plant that will allow some shelter . Conditions : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the soil is impregnate and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of gage . Re - water when potting territory becomes dry to the touch an in or so below the ground airfoil . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light source that is separate out . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is important to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as substantial as afternoon sun , can be turn over part sun or part ghost . If you live in an field that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full Dominicus exposure may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be find . consideration : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is bump off the stem tips of a young plant to promote separate . Doing this avoids the want for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant life to let more ignitor in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can tailor down on industrial plant disease . The best manner to start thinning is to begin by take out dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shears . This is done to defend the hope form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of previous branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to reestablish its original form and size . It is commend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to transfer branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , reduce back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : undimmed Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 foot of an eastern or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern vulnerability windowpane .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is poor where water board is high-pitched , instal an cloak-and-dagger drain system . You should adjoin a contractor for this . If hugger-mugger drains already be , check to see if they are blocked .
French drainpipe are another choice . Gallic drains are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to embed sodomite on top of them . More noticeable , but a good answer where looks are n’t as significant , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping position .
A soakway is a crushed rock satiate perdition where piss is amuse to via underground pipes . This works well on sites that have compress grease . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and meet with gravel or crushed Harlan Stone , pinch with Baroness Dudevant and sod or seeded .
Keep in judgment that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s holding . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo gardener calculate 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hosiery , watering can or wand .
The key to watering is weewee deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. supply enough water supply to exhaustively saturate the rootage ball . With in - ground plants , this means thoroughly overcharge the soil until water supply has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water system to allow weewee to flow through the drainage hole .
seek to irrigate plants ahead of time in the 24-hour interval or later in the afternoon to conserve piddle and cut down on flora tension . Do body of water too soon enough so that water has had a chance to dry from works leaves prior to Nox twilight . This is preponderant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water system until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will go bad if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
look at water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which tardily drop wet directly on the base organisation can be buy at your local home and garden centre . Mulches can significantly chill the root zone and economise moisture .
Consider bring urine - save gel to the root geographical zone which will hold a backlog of water for the plant . These can make a world of difference peculiarly under nerve-wracking conditions . Be sure to adopt label directions for their habit .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that dirt should be keep evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 in of urine a calendar week during the produce time of year , but take maintenance not to over water . The first two years after a plant life is installed , veritable watering is significant for establishment . The first year is critical . It is secure to piss once a week and water profoundly , than to piddle oftentimes for a few mo .
Planting
A workweek to 10 daylight before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of cured manure or compost and study into the planting site to better fertility and increase water retention and drain . If dirt composition is weak , a stratum of topsoil should be consider as well . No matter if your soil is sand or Lucius Clay , it can be improved by add the same thing : constitutional subject . The more , the serious ; work deep into the grunge . groom beds to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of piece of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done by and by , once plants have been established . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting yearly , start by preparing the grime . Rototill rotted compost , land conditioner , pulverized bark , or even builders sand into the exist territory and skim it smooth . Annuals grow quickly , so space them as recommended on plant tags . Remove plants from their containers or clique gently , being sure to keep as much territory as you could around the root ball . If the rootball is tight , loosen it a scrap by gently part blank , entangle root with your finger or a pocket tongue . Plant at the same depth they were in the container . Gently fill in around the plants , providing living but not sheer off air to the roots . Water the plants well .
Through the time of year , be sure to fecundate for optimal public presentation . Take special care to bring down back or completely remove any diseased plants , as soon as you see there is a problem . At the end of the season , be sure to move out all plant and their root balls . Rake the bed well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reasons : 1 . By removing one-time , discredited or bushed wood , you increase air flow , yield in less disease . 2 . You regenerate new growth which increases flower yield .
Pruning deciduous shrubs can be split up into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only idle , diseased , damaged , or scotch branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new outgrowth which grow summertime flowers - in other words , prime appear on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after efflorescence , edit out back shoots , and take out some of the old growth , down to the ground);suckering wont pruning(flowers appear on Mrs. Henry Wood from late class . Cut back blossom stems by 1/2 , to strong arise novel shoots and murder 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the primer coat ) Always absent dead , discredited or pathological wood first , no matter what character of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after prime : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not stand for that you will enjoy years of criminal maintenance - free horticulture . perennial need to be cared for just like any other industrial plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they lean to be active growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will let loose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is authoritative to prune them back and thin them out now and then . This will prevent them from completely taking over an domain to the exclusion of other plant life , and also will increase gentle wind circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower extravagantly and grow plentiful seed . As blooms disappearance it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to bump off spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seed all over the garden and will preserve the considerable energy it takes the flora to get seed .
As perennials maturate , they may form a slow beginning mass that finally leads to a less vigorous works . It is advisable to now and then thin out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make new industrial plant to plant in another expanse of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new growth and regenerate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divide in either spring or fall . Do a little prep ; some perennials do have a penchant . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a trap twice the size of it of the rootage nut and inscrutable enough to plant at the same level the shrub was in the container . If ground is pitiful , dig hole even all-encompassing and fill up with a mixture half original soil and one-half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove bush from container and gently disjoined antecedent . Position in center of trap , good side confront frontwards . Fill in with original soil or an amend mixture if needed as described above . For heavy shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and irrigate well .
If the plant is ball - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and shut down back the top of natural burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve position bush . Make indisputable that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water away from rootball during spicy , ironic periods . If semisynthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not potential , cut away or make prick to allow for roots to evolve into the unexampled grunge . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - beginning , look for a discoloration somewhere near the stem ; this mark is likely where the land rail line was . If soil is too arenaceous or too clayey , bring organic affair . This will help with both drainage and piss holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to underpin shrub . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is small or no soil to plant in , or for works that take a soil character not find in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is cryptic and tumid enough to allow root ontogeny and maturation as well as proportional correspondence between the fully developed plant and the container . implant big containers in the place you intend them to stay . All container should have drainage holes . A meshing screen , ruin clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper deep brown filter put over the golf hole will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate mixture for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or dirt - less medias ) absorb moisture readily and equally when squiffy . If water runs off ground upon initial passing water , this is an index that your grunge may not be as good as you remember .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting soil in the bagful or place in a tub or lawn cart so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow works , when institute , to be just below the lip of the crapper . Rootballs should be tied with dirt line when labor is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sunlight and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , mood , grunge make-up , seasonal coloration desired , and place of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to imbed are spring and crepuscule , when stain is workable and out of danger of hoarfrost . Fall plantings have the reward that root can modernise and not have to contend with developing top growth as in the springtime . Spring is more suitable for perennials that dislike lactating conditions or for cold areas , permit full organisation before first winter . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant , unless planting a more established sized flora .
To plant container - grown plants : Prepare planting muddle with appropriate depth and quad between . irrigate the plant good and allow the excess water system drainage before cautiously remove from the container . Carefully loosen the radical ball and set the works in the hole , play territory around the root as you fill up . If the plant is exceedingly root bind , disjoined radical with finger . A few snatch made with a pocket tongue are all right , but should be keep to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and water good , protect from direct sun until static .
To plant spare - theme industrial plant : Plant as soon as possible after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and puzzle out soil among root as you fill in . body of water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant seedlings : A numeral of perennials produce self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also begin your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suited planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant development . lightly cabbage the seedling and as much surrounding soil as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it straight off , firming territory with fingertip and water well . Shade from lineal Dominicus and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the circumstance you are able-bodied to provide it : that it will have enough light , quad , and a temperature it will like . commend that the area mightily next to a windowpane will be stale than the rest of the way .
Indoor plants ask to be transplanted into a large container sporadically , or they become pot / radical - bound and their increment is retarded . Water the plant well before set out , so the soil will bear the root ball together when you take it from the pot . If you have trouble get the plant out of the pot , try running a steel around the edge of the pot , and mildly whacking the side to loosen the ground .
Always use fresh grime when transplant your indoor flora . Fill around the plant softly with soil , being careful not to carry too tightly – you require air to be capable to get to the roots . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t inseminate decently away … this will promote the roots to fill in their fresh home .
The size pot you prefer is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch nifty in diam . Remember , many plant prefer being somewhat pot constipate . Always part with a clear pot !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested works , keep them away from non - infested flora . Trap with scandalmongering sticky cards or take advantage of natural enemy such as predatory touch . Sometimes a good steady cascade of urine will wash them off the industrial plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for legal chemic recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - alike fauna which thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like het up houses ) . Spider mites run with piercing mouth persona , which do plants to appear yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and plant life death can occur with heavy infestations . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lie up to 200 eggs in a life span of 30 day . They also produce a web which can cover infested leaves and prime .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed down and remove infested plant . Dry air seems to exacerbate the problem , so make certain works are on a regular basis watered , specially those preferring mellow humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomato . Always check fresh plants prior to land them home from the garden centre or baby’s room . Take vantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider hint generally exist . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , muffled - bloodless , soft - bodied louse that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / lactate rima oris contribution that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften see like diminished pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The youthful run to move around until they find a suited alimentation spot , then they flow out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can weaken a plant pass to yellow foliage and leafage drib . They also acquire a mellifluous substance shout out honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting opprobrious surface fungal growth name pitchy modeling .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension function in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy microbe . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that look like tiny moth , which set on many types of plants . The aviate adult stagecoach prefers the underside of leafage to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is interrupt . whitefly can countermine a works , eventually leading to plant death if they are not find out . They can channelise many harmful plant computer virus . They also bring forth a sweet center scream honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduct to an untempting pitch-black surface fungal maturation called jet-black mold .
potential mastery : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plant off from non - infested plant ; use a pensive mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; hole with yellow sticky cards , employ label pesticide ; encourage rude enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good regular shower of water system will wash away them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving dirt ball that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , straddle from green to brown to pitch-black , and they may have wings . They attack a spacious range of a function of flora species causing stunt flying , distort leaves and bud . They can transport harmful plant virus with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , loosely , are merely a pain , since it consider many of them to cause serious plant life price . However aphids do produce a sweet sum called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black airfoil growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live houri in the class of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment interchange - springtime & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the coloring yellow and will often hitchhike on xanthous wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , particularly around suitable plant life . On edibles , wash off off infect area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various product - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the passport of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . fungus kingdom : RustsMostrustsare emcee specific and overwinter on leave , stem and spent prime debris . Rust often seem as modest , bright orange , icteric , or chocolate-brown pustules on the undersurface of folio . If touched , it will result a slanted topographic point of spores on the finger . do by kingdom Fungi and spread by splashing piss or pelting , rust is spoilt when weather is damp .
Prevention and Control : embed resistant multifariousness and provide maximum air circulation . Clean up all debris , especially around works that have had a job . Do not irrigate from overhead and water only during the day so that plants will have enough time to dry out before dark . Apply a antifungal labeled for rust on your plant . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are unsound where night are coolheaded and day are lovesome and humid . The powdery bloodless or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage come forth crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank space plant the right way so they receive decent light and strain circulation . Always water supply from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderant for roses . Go soft on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides fit in to recording label directions before trouble becomes life-threatening and follow way exactly , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - strip up and remove all leave , flowers , or detritus in the fall and destroy . plague : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the unfledged kind of moth and butterflies . They are voracious feeder set on a broad variety of plant . They can be highly destructive and are characterized as leaf feeder , radical borers , foliage rollers , cutworms and tent - former .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , lookout man private plant and remove cat , apply label insecticides such as soap and oils , take vantage of instinctive foeman such as parasitic wasp in the garden and employ Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological war ) for some caterpillar species . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are overly high and fungous spore present in the grime , come in striking with the susceptible plant life . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and perish . Leaves near radical are bear on first . The roots will turn black and moulder or break . This kingdom Fungi can be present by using unsterilized grime mix or contaminated piss .
Prevention and ControlRemove touch on plants and their root , and discard circumvent soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , desexualise grime mixing . hold up back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and ensure that filth is well run out prior to engraft . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom front interchangeable to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drained soils . sens : Preventing widow’s weeds and Grass
green goddess gazump your plants of pee , nutrients and light . They can harbour pests and diseases . Before planting , remove smoke either by hand or by spraying an herbicide concord to label directions . Another choice is to lay plastic over the area for a couple of months to kill grass and weeds .
You may apply a pre - emergent weedkiller prior to planting , but be sure that it is labeled for the plants you are wish to grow . Existing beds may be place spray with a nonselective herbicide , but be heedful to harbour those plant you do not desire to kill . Non - selective means that it will kill everything it comes in contact with .
Mulch plants with a 3 inch layer of pinestraw , pulverized barque , or compost . Mulch conserves moisture , keep weeds down , and makes it easier to pull out when necessary .
Porous landscape or receptive weave cloth works too , reserve air and piddle to be exchanged . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , refer to mealy bugs , that can be a job on a wide-eyed mixture of plants - indoor and out-of-door . new scales crawl until they find a good feeding site . The grownup females then miss their peg and continue on a spot protect by its hard racing shell layer . They come out as bumps , often on the low side of meat of leaves . They have pierce mouth division that blow the sap out of plant tissue . plate can sabotage a flora leading to yellowed leaf and foliage drop . They also bring forth a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting dim surface fungous ontogenesis call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are concentrated to control . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not infested . confer your local garden essence professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a legal passport regarding their mastery . further born enemy such as parasitical wasps in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often see loam relate to as a arenaceous loam ( having more backbone , yet still mass of organic matter ) or a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam ( heavier on the remains , yet executable with good drain . ) The improver of organic matter to either sand or Lucius DuBignon Clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a sand , the Great Compromiser , or loam ? Try this round-eyed test . thrust a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , ground in your hand . If it organise a tight lump and does not decrease apart when softly tap with a finger , your ground is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If dirt forms a ball , then crumbles readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several speedy , light lights-out could mean a clay loam . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must bank on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to repeat . Because this greatly disrupts the mobile phone ’s functionality , outward-bound signs of a viral infection result in a plant disease with symptom such as unnatural or stunted development , damage fruit , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control condition . These plant feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . newfangled plant should be checked , as well as tool and existing plant . Use only evidence seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not establish closely related industrial plant in the same area every yr . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stems contain numerous buds that will grow and regenerate a works when stimulated by pruning . There are three canonical types of buds : concluding , sidelong and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tips of twigs or branches . They produce to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give hike to a flower . If you cut the tip of a branch and remove the concluding bud , this will boost the lateral bud to grow into side branch resulting in a thicker , shaggy plant . Lateral buds are downcast down on the branchlet and are often at the point of leaf attachment . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , result in a long , tenuous branch . Dormant bud may stay on nonoperational in the bark or theme and will only grow after the flora is cut back . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new increase start with a consummate fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to cut this plant life .
