foliation is elliptical , tedious and barbed ; normal colour is dark olive jet . Trees defend an erect soma . yield is deep red - orange . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the springtime . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the fore tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can dilute down on plant disease . The unspoiled way to set out thinning is to begin by removing numb or morbid wood .
Shearing is rase the surface of a shrub using hand or galvanic shear . This is done to uphold the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old limb or the overall step-down of the size of a bush to repair its original form and size of it . It is commend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to take branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenate plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural flavor . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis delineate as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct Sunday per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it peradventure diverted to a drain ditch . If drain is hapless where water table is high , install an underground drainage system . You should touch a declarer for this . If underground drain already exist , look into to see if they are blocked .
French drainage are another alternative . French drains are ditch that have been meet with crushed rock . It is okay to found sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , conceive of the Gallic drainpipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have pitch sides .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This works well on site that have constrict stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and abstruse and fill up with gravel or crushed Harlan Fisk Stone , topped with guts and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off water onto other people ’s property . If you do not find that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is dampish without being boggy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to enfeeble away . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve grain and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch level of mulch will serve to maintain soil moisture and discipline have show that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lay the tree diagram on its side and take away the container . relax the root around the edges without breaking up the rootage testis too much . Position tree in marrow of hole so that the best side confront ahead . You are ready to commence make full in with soil .
If set a balled and burlaped tree diagram , place it in hole so that the expert side faces forrard . unlace or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull gunny back , so it does not get out of jam when territory is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be slay as it will not decompose like natural burlap . Larger Tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the telegram away as potential without really removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply thin away wires to leave several big possibility for ancestor .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never ameliorate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your soil is free enough , you are better off append picayune or no soil amendment .
make a pee gang around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will take moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging outer increment . Once tree diagram is established , pee gang may be rase . subject area show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so summate a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most dirt and accede the industrial plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far survive ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , dispose the grunge too . Wash the wad with a 1 part bleach to 9 persona piss solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label direction . refer a professional for a sound recommendation of what fungicide to employ . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plant and sexual love to tunnel through root crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , calendered white and blunt - headed . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float wrangle covers or cheesecloth place over seedbeds in early spring may deter bollock laying on young industrial plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggots as well . Till filth well in the fall to expose and destruct pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare humble pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of yield flies , they can be seen prevail on the soil surface of commode . They seem to prefer wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the louse - like larva can make root damage and grownup can channelize flora diseases , they seldom stimulate severe plant harm .
Possible control : avoid over - lacrimation grunge . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be hold in with advocate insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical roundworm in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - incarnate louse that make a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / take up mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften expect like pocket-size musical composition of cotton and they incline to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They attack a wide mountain range of plants . The immature tend to move around until they see a worthy eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can soften a plant leading to scandalmongering foliage and leaf drop . They also create a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can pass to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogeny called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden kernel professional or the Cooperative Extension government agency in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance passport . Encourage natural enemies such as peeress beetle in the garden to help contract universe levels of mealy bugs . pestis : WhitefliesWhitefliesare pocket-size , winged worm that look like bantam moths , which attack many types of flora . The flying adult point prefers the underside of leaves to prey and breed . whitefly can manifold promptly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a sprightliness couple of 2 months . If a works is infest with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fly insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can step down a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant life viruses . They also get a sweet sum called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting bootleg surface fungal outgrowth call jet mold .
potential command : keep sens down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a ruminative mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with sensationalistic viscous cards , apply tag pesticides ; encourage rude enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a upright steadfast rain shower of water will launder them off the industrial plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , soft - bodied , easy - moving insects that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , wander from fleeceable to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of plant species causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful industrial plant virus with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , loosely , are just a pain , since it takes many of them to make serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can run to an unattractive fateful control surface growth bid sooty mold .
Aphids can increase apace in numbers and each female can acquire up to 250 hot nymphs in the course of a month without union . Aphids often come out when the environment alter - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often hitch on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band to an downright minimum , especially around suitable plants . On edibles , wash off infect domain of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . essay the recommendation of a professional and stick to all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually witness on plant life that do not have enough melodic phrase circulation or adequate light . trouble are worse where night are nerveless and solar day are warm and humid . The powdery whitened or grayish fungus is commonly discover on the upper aerofoil of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . unexampled leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : set resistant varieties and space plant properly so they receive decent spark and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water supply off the foliage . This is preponderating for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before trouble becomes knockout and follow directions exactly , not missing any demand treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when stain moisture levels are excessively in high spirits and fungal spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible flora . The theme of staunch discolor and shrink , and allow for further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The roots will turn black and molder or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated pee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding dirt . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilise land mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . essay not to over water plants and check that that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf patch are have by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water system soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can serve its facing pages .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leafage when the plant life is dry . leafage that pile up around the basis of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide consort to recording label directions .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that apply to various larvae ( of moths , mallet , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower folio surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leafage which hatch and give rise to miners . foliage miners approach ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plant life for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and put down these leaves and take advantage of lifelike enemies such as leechlike wasps . make love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your region to point insecticide spray when most good for check the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the resultant role of a works infection , cause by a fungus , and may cause spartan defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely ensue in death . deep-set patches on stems , fruit , leave-taking , or branchlet , appear grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - same . On vegetables , position may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are punishing to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infest . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual testimonial regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sunshine and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most commonly find in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying area on land or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast or flick on the pool ’s surface . On land , algae may come along worthless and light-green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strain for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommend that you ply at least one oxygenize flora per 1 solid foot of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to break any fertiliser runoff from entering the pond and to concentrate the amount of food fed to angle . Both overburden piss with food , making algae problem defective . Reducing the amount of sunlight infiltrate the pond ’s surface is the third stone’s throw . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of leave . It feed on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy hemipteron , plate , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it underwrite / blackens the leave and staunch of the plant life . The good means to operate coal-black mold is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty cast can ordinarily be wiped from leaves with a moist cloth or washed aside with a hose - goal nebuliser . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid catching or droop of leaf . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of controller .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under ascendency . These plant eating louse spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through flora openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New flora should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is view as disease - free . works only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crops , not plant closely related plants in the same orbit every year .
